Introduction Careful investigations of the structural, refractive, conductive, and wetting properties of the innovative hybrid materials modified with effective nano- and bio-objects are timely and quite popular [1–6] because of the relevance study of new physical and chemical effects in them. Structured inorganic and organic materials, including liquid crystal ones, are able to optimize the…
Introduction Several nanoparticle synthesis methods are applied nowadays in different scientific fields; furthermore, based on the type of process (physical, chemical, or biological) and the conditions the synthesis is undertaken, they allow a control of the shape of the material, thus managing their application more accurately [1, 2]. With the objective of adopting eco-friendly methods that…
Introduction With the great advances in technology in recent years, micro and nanostructures have found many applications. In these structures, micro beams and micro tubes are widely used in nanoscale electromechanical systems such as sensors (Zook et al. [1], Pei et al. [2]), actuators (Senturia [3], Rezazadeh et al. [4]). In investigation of micro and…
Introduction The micromembranes are microelectromechanical system (MEMS) components that accomplish one double role of supporting other components, which are regularly rigid and of providing the necessary flexibility in a microdevice that has moving parts [1–3]. A micromembrane has three significant parts: the mobile plate that is moved in different planes in response of an acting…
Describing and probing molecule collective surface nanomechanics The section introduces the description of surface molecule transformations by classical interfacial thermodynamics. This will be helpful to better grasp the working principle of nanomechanical sensors, which will be presented in the next subsection. Nanomechanical sensors are the basic technology used to probe and quantify molecule collective surface…
Introduction The Fourier law proposed in 1822 [1] is the fundamental of thermal conduction. It indicates that the heat flux passing through a material is proportional to the local gradient of temperature here q is the heat flux, ∇T is the local temperature gradient, and κ is the thermal conductivity, which represents the material capability of transferring heat. In a long term,…
Introduction During the last decade, the interest in research of mechanical behavior of ultrafine-grained (UFG) and nanostructured (NS) metal alloys has been risen sharply [1–13]. Compared to their coarse-grained counterparts, UFG and NS metals exhibit significantly higher static yield strength, hardness, but lower tensile elongation. Ultrafine-grained materials produced by severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods exhibit…
Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are hollow cylinders consisting of single or multiple sheets of graphite (graphene) wrapped into a cylinder. After the first observation in 1991 by Iijima [1], extensive work has been carried out to CNTs toward their broad mechanical, electronic, thermal, and optical applications [2, 3]. The fundamental mechanical properties, such as their stiffness,…