The job of the managers does not end with making decisions. They are also responsible to get favorable results from the decision taken and implemented. The effectiveness of a decision can be understood through a systematic and scientific evaluation system that provides feedback on how well the decision is being implemented, what the results have been, and what amendments and adjustments have been made to get the intended results.
Once the alternatives are analyzed and evaluated, the manager has to choose the best one. The manager needs to choose the alternative that gives the most advantage while meeting all the required criteria. Sometimes the choice is simple with obvious benefits, at times the optimal solution is a combination of several alternatives. At times when the best alternative may not be obvious, the manager uses probability estimates, research and Analysis aided by his experience and judgment.
Recognizing the limiting factor in a given situation makes it possible to narrow down the search for alternatives and make the best decision possible with the information, resources, and time available. Some methods for developing alternatives are: Brainstorming, where a group works together to generate ideas and alternative solutions. Nominal group technique is a method that involves the use of a highly structured meeting, complete with an agenda, and restricts discussion or Interpersonal communication during the decision‐making process. Delphi technique where the participants do not meet, but a group leader uses Written questionnaires to conduct the decision making.
In order to choose the best alternative and make a decision every manager needs to have the ideal resources — information, time, personnel, equipment, and supplies. But this is an ideal situation and may not always be possible. A limiting factor is something that stands in the way of accomplishing a desired objective.
The first step in the process of decision making is the recognition or identification of the problem, and recognizing that a decision needs to be taken. It is important to accurately define the problem. Managers can do this by identifying the problem separately from its symptoms. Studying the symptoms helps getting closer to the root cause of the problem.
Decision making and problem solving is a continuous process of analyzing and considering various alternatives in various situations, choosing the most appropriate course of action and following them up with the necessary actions. There are two basic types of decisions Programmed Decisions Non-programmed Decisions Programmed Decisions Programmed decisions are those that are made using standard operating procedures or other well-defined methods. They are situations that are routine and occur frequently. Organizationscome up with specific ways to handle them. Programmed decisions are effective for day-to-day issues such as requests for leave or permissions by employees. Once the decision is taken, the program specifies processes or procedures to be followed when similar situationarises. Creating such programed routines lead to the formulation of rules, procedures and policies, which becomes a standard in the organization. Non-programmed Decisions Non-programmed decisions are unique and one-shot decisions. They are not as structured as programmed decisions and are usually tackled through judgment and creativity. They are innovative in essence, as newly created or unexpected problems are settled through unconventional and novel solutions.…
Decision making is an integral part of every aspect of life. This also applies to organizations. It is one of the key factors that pave the way for its success or failure. Every manager is required to execute decisions at various levels of the management cycle beginning from planning to control. It is the effectiveness and quality of those decisions that determine how successful a manager is. Without decision making, different managerial functions such as planning, organizing, directing, controlling, and staffing cannot be conducted. Decision making is a cumulative and consultative process, and should support organizational growth. The main function of every management is making the right decisions and seeing them through to their logical end through execution. Every management decision also affects employee morale and performance, ultimately influencing the overall business performance. The importance of decision making in management is immense, as the business policy and strategies adopted ultimately affects the company's output and Performance. Decision making is the coherent and rational process of identifying a set of feasible alternatives and choosing a course of action from them.
Organizationalcommitment is the emotional or psychologicalattachment people have toward the company they work for. A highly committed employee identifies completely with the organizations’ objectives and is willing to put in whatever effort it takes to meet them. Such an employeewill be willing to remain with the organization and grow with it. Factors Contributing to Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment Employees tend to associate satisfaction and commitment in jobs with certain characteristics. Nature of Job - Employees are satisfied and committed when they feel that their job provides the ability to use their inherent skills, having autonomy at work, performinga seemingly significant task, having healthy feedback mechanism, etc. Employees also tend to be more satisfied whentheir jobs help them build new skills and improve themselves.…
The feelings people have toward their job. It is probably the most important job attitude and denotes how satisfied an employee is at his work. A person with high job satisfaction appears to hold generally positive attitude, and one who is dissatisfied holds negative attitude towards their job.
