Conduction in Ionic Materials

In ionic materials, the band gap is too large for thermal electron promotion. Cation vacancies allow ionic motion in the direction of an applied electric field, this is referred to as ionic conduction. High temperatures produce more vacancies and higher ionic conductivity. At low temperatures,  electrical  conduction  in  insulators  is  usually  along  the  surface,  due  to  the deposition of moisture that contains impurity ions.

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