Employers indulge in exposing their employees to safety hazards. They escape criminal action against them, by paying nominal compensations even if their crimes are proved in court. And even this happens only when the victim sues company for damages under civil law.
An act was passed, which forbade (prevented) companies from jointly setting prices in ways that restrain free competition and trade. Unfortunately, many senior people, well respected and positioned were of the opinion that ‘price fixing’ was good for their organizations and the public.
Usually have high standard of education From a non-criminal family background Middle class male around 27 years of age (70% of the time) with no previous history No involvement in drug or alcohol abuse Those who had troublesome life experience in the childhood (Blum) People without firm principles (Spencer) …
Domestic crime Non-accidental crime committed by members Of the family Professional Crime When crime is pursued as a profession or day to day occupation Blue collar crime (or) Street crime Crime against person, property (theft, assault on a person, rape) Victimless crime Person who commits the crime is the victim of the crime. E.g. Drug…
– Taking guidance from Company Policy – In the absence of such a policy taking a second opinion from a coworker or manager. This gives an impression that there no intension on the part of the engineer to hide anything. – In the absence of either of these options, to examine one’s own motives and use the ethical…
– Using inside information to set-up a business opportunity for oneself or family or friends. – Buying stock in the company for which one works is not objectionable but it should be based on the same information available to the public. – The use of any company secrets by employee to secure a personal gain Threatens the interest of the company.
When one works actually for the competitor or subcontractor as an employee or consultant. Having partial ownership or substantial stock holdings in the competitor’s business. It may not arise by merely having a spouse working for sub-contractor to one’s company, but it will arise if one’s job also includes granting contracts to that subcontractor. Tempting…
‘A gift is a bribe if you can’t eat, drink or smoke it in a day’. ‘If you think that your offer of acceptance of a particular gift would have grave or merely embarrassing consequences for your company if made public, then the gift should be considered a bribe’. ‘Bribe can be said to be a substantial amount of money or goods offered beyond a stated business contract with the aim of winning an advantage in gaining or keeping the contract ’. Here ‘substantial’ means that which is sufficient to distort the judgment of a typical person.
Conflict of Interest arises when two conditions are met: 1. The professional is in a relationship or a role that requires exercising good judgment on behalf of the interests of an employer or client and 2. The professional has some additional or side interest that could threaten good judgment in serving the interests of the employee or client. E.g. When an engineer is paid based on a percentage of the cost of the design and there is no incentive for him to cut costs- The distrust caused by this situation compromises the engineers’ ability to cut costs and calls into question his judgement.
– Employees are obliged to protect confidential information regarding former employment, after a change of job. – The confidentiality trust between employer and employee continues beyond the period of employment. – But, the employee cannot be forced not to seek a change of job. – The employer’s right to keep the trade secrets confidential by a former employee should be accepted at the same time, the employee’s right to seek career advancement cannot also be denied.