Suresh Kumar is a passionate mechanical engineer with deep expertise in design, thermodynamics, manufacturing, and automation. With years of experience in the industry, they simplify complex engineering principles into practical insights for students, professionals, and enthusiasts. This blog serves as a hub for exploring cutting-edge innovations, fundamental concepts, and real-world applications in mechanical engineering.
Causal Responsibility: consists simply in being a cause of some event. E.g. lightning as being responsible for a house catching fire. Legal Responsibility: consists simply in being a cause for harm that was so unlikely and also unforeseeable that no moral responsibility is involved
Responsibility ascribed by i) virtue, ii) obligations, iii) general moral capacities of people, iv) liabilities and accountability for actions and v) blameworthiness or praiseworthiness. 1. By virtue: A person is said to be a responsible person when we ascribe a moral virtue to the person. We expect that the person is regularly concerned to do the right thing, is conscientious and diligent in meeting obligations. In this sense, professional responsibility is the central virtue of engineers. 2. By obligation: Moral responsibilities can be thought of as obligations or duties to perform morally right acts. 3. By general moral capacity: When we view a person as a whole rather than one with respect to a specific area, we are actually thinking about the active capacity of the person for knowing how to act in morally appropriate ways e.g. the capacity of children grow as they mature and learn. 4. By accountability: Responsibility also means being accountable, answerable or liable to meet particular obligations. The virtue of professional responsibility implies a willingness to be accountable for one’s conduct. 5. By being blameworthy: When accountability for a wrongdoing is at issue, responsible becomes a synonym for blameworthy. When right conduct is the issue, the context is praiseworthiness.
• Valuing oneself in morally appropriate ways. • Integral to finding meaning in one’s life and work • A pre-requisite for pursuing other moral ideals and virtues. • Self-respect is a moral concept of properly valuing oneself but self-esteem is a psychological concept of positive attitude towards oneself. Self-respect takes two forms. 1. Recognition self-respect is properly valuing oneself because of one’s inherent moral worth, the same worth that every other human being has. 2. Appraisal self-respect is properly valuing ourselves according to how well we meet moral standards and our personal ideals.
• Being morally responsible as a professional. • Most basic and comprehensive professional virtue. • Creation of useful and safe technological products while respecting the autonomy of clients and public, especially in matters of risk taking. This encompasses a wide variety of the more specific virtues grouped as follows: 1. SELF DIRECTION VIRTUES: Fundamental virtues in exercising our moral autonomy and responsibility. E.g. self-understanding, humility, good moral judgment, courage, self-discipline, perseverance, commitments, self-respect and dignity 2. PUBLIC SPIRITED VIRTUES: Focusing on the good of the clients and public affected by the engineers’ work by. Not directly and intentionally harming others i.e. ‘no maleficence’. Beneficence, sense of community, generosity are other virtues falling in this category. 3. TEAMWORK VIRTUES: Enables professionals to work successfully with others. E.g. collegiality, cooperativeness, the ability to communicate, respect for authority, loyalty to employers and leadership qualities. 4. PROFICIENCY VIRTUES:…
• “The unexamined life is not worth living.” (Socrates, 470-399 B.C.) • “The happy life is thought to be virtuous; now a virtuous life requires exertion and does not consist in amusement.” (Aristotle, 384-322 B.C.) The Four Main Virtues • Prudence (mind): to think about a moral problem clearly and completely • Temperance (emotions): control attraction to positive emotions • Fortitude (emotions): control aversion for negative emotions • Justice (will): choose according to truth and fairness. Virtue…
S.NOTYPESBASED ON1Virtue ethicsVirtues and vices2UtilitarianismMost good for most people3Duty ethicsDuties to respect persons4Rights ethicsHuman Rights
1. SAVIOR: The representative engineer is a savior who will redeem society from poverty, inefficiency, waste and the drudgery of manual labour. 2. GUARDIAN: Engineers know, the directions in which and pace at which, technology should develop. 3. BUREAUCRATIC SERVANT: The engineer as the loyal organization person uses special skills to solve problems. 4. SOCIAL SERVANT: Engineers, in co-operation with management, have the task of receiving society’s directives and satisfying society’s desires. 5. SOCIAL ENABLER AND CATALYST: Engineers play a vital role beyond mere compliance with orders. They help management and society understand their own needs and to make informed decisions. 6. GAME PLAYER: Engineers are neither servants nor masters of anyone. They play by the economic game rules that happen to be in effect at a given time.
• A desire for interesting and challenging work and the pleasure in the act of changing the world. • The joy of creative efforts. Where a scientist’s interest is in discovering new technology, engineers interest is derived from creatively solving practical problems. • The engineer shares the scientist’s job in understanding the laws and riddles of the universe. • The sheer magnitude of the nature – oceans, rivers, mountains and prairies – leads engineers to build engineering marvels like ships, bridges, tunnels, etc., which appeal to human passion. • The pleasure of being in the presence of machines generating a comforting and absorbing sense of a manageable, controlled and ordered world. • Strong sense of helping, of directing efforts towards easing the lot of one’s fellows. The main pleasure of the engineer will always be to contribute to the well-being of his fellow-men.
Engineers normally imagine that they are servants to organizations rather than a public guardian. Responsibility to the public is essential for a professional. Who is a professional? • Obviously a member of a profession. What is a profession? ‘JOB’ or ‘OCCUPATION’ that meets the following criteria from which a person earns his living. • Knowledge – Exercise of skills, knowledge, judgment and discretion requiring extensive formal criteria. • Organization - special bodies by members of the profession to set standard codes of ethics, • Public good-The occupation serves some important public good indicated by a code of ethics. Who is a professional engineer? • Has a bachelor’s degree in engineering from an accredited school • Performs engineering work • Is a registered and licensed Professional Engineer • Acts in a morally responsible way while practicing engineering Differing…
CONTROVERSY: • All individuals will not arrive at same verdict during their exercising their moral autonomy. • Aristotle noted long ago that morality is not as precise and clear-cut as arithmetic. • Aim of teaching engg ethics is not to get unanimous conformity of outlook by indoctrination, authoritarian and dogmatic teaching, hypnotism or any other technique but to improve promotion of tolerance in the exercise of moral autonomy. CONSENSUS; The conductor of a music orchestra has authority over the musicians and his authority is respected by them by consensus as otherwise the music performance will suffer. Hence the authority and autonomy are compatible. On the other hand, tension arises between the needs for autonomy and the need for concerns about authority. The difference between the two should be discussed openly to resolve the issue to the common good.