The name compression ring describes its function in the piston. These are sets of rings which can be easily identified as they occupy the top most position, above the oil scraper rings. These rings mainly seal against the pressure of the air being compressed. These have a good thermal expansion co-efficient. Thus the butts of…
Sensitivity: Sensitivity of the instrument is defined as the ratio of the magnitude of the output signal to the magnitude of the input signal. It denotes the smallest change in the measured variable to which the instruments responds. Sensitivity has no unique unit. It has wide range of the units which dependent up on the…
Heat Treatment is the controlled heating and cooling of metals to alter their physical and mechanical properties without changing the product shape. Heat treatment is sometimes done inadvertently due to manufacturing processes that either heat or cool the metal such as welding orforming. Heat Treatment is often associated with increasing the strength of material, but it can also be used to alter certain manufacturability objectives such as improve machining, improve formability, restore ductility after a cold working operation. Thus it is a very enabling manufacturingprocess that can not only help other manufacturing process, but can also improve product performance by increasing strength or other desirable characteristics. Steels are particularly suitable for heat treatment, since they respond well to heat treatment and the commercial use of steels exceeds that of any other material. Steels are heat treated for one of the following reasons: 1. Softening 2. Hardening 3. Material modification Softening: Softening is done to reduce strength or hardness, remove residual stresses, improve toughness, restore ductility, refine grain size or change the electromagnetic properties of the steel. Restoring ductility or removing residual stresses is a necessary operation when a large amount of cold working is to be performed, such as in a cold-rolling operation or wiredrawing. Annealing — full Process, spheroidizing, normalizing and tempering austempering, martempering are the principal ways by which steel is softened. Hardening: Hardening of steels is done to increase the strength and wear properties. One of the pre-requisites for hardening is sufficient carbon and alloy content. If there is sufficient Carbon content then the steel can be directly hardened. Otherwise the surface of the part has to be Carbon enriched using some diffusion treatment hardening techniques. Material Modification: Heat treatment is used to modify properties of materials in addition to hardening and softening. These processes modify the behavior of the steels in a beneficial manner to maximize service life, e.g., stress relieving, or strength properties, e.g., cryogenic treatment, or some other desirable properties
Principle : Engine torque + reaction torque= Output turbine torque Oil is used as working fluid. Components of a Torque Converter Torque Converter Specification
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, with carbon content upto a maximum of 1.5%. Most of the steel produced now-a-days is plain carbon steel or simply carbon steel. It is divided into the following types depending upon the carbon content: 1. Dead mild steel — upto 0.15% Carbon 2. Low carbon or mild steel — 0.15% to…
Car wheels spin at different speeds, especially when turning. Each wheel travels a different distance through the turn, and that the inside wheels travel a shorter distance than the outside wheels. Since speed is equal to the distance travelled divided by the time it takes to go that distance, the wheels that travel a shorter…
Let us also understand the classes of fires. Class A These are fires that involve some solid material like, clothers, paper, junk-heap, wood etc. Class B These are fires that involve liquid materials like: petrol, gasoline, diesel, oil etc. Class C These are fires that involve electrical elements Class D These are fires are those involve…
Two of the most popular suspensions systems for passenger cars today are the double wishbone suspension system and the MacPherson strut suspension system. While it is more usual to see the double wishbone system at the rear end of the car, MacPherson’s solution normally finds its place at the front end of the car. Both…
Anti-Lock Braking System is a safety system that allows the wheels on a motor vehicle to continue interacting tractively with the road surface as directed by driver steering inputs while braking, preventing the wheels from locking up (that is, ceasing rotation) and therefore avoiding skidding. A skidding wheel (where the tire contact patch is sliding relative to the road) has less traction than a non-skidding wheel. If you…
Calculations for heat exchanger designs use heat transfer parameters such as convection heat transfer coefficients, overall heat transfer coefficients, and log mean temperature differences. These calculations are needed for shell and tube and double pipe heat exchangers, as well as other types. Types of Industrial Heat Exchangers There are many types of heat exchangers used…