The speed and geographic coverage of the computer system and the difficult y of tracing the transactions through computers makes catching the thieves troublesome. Computers are abused in i) stealing by employees at work, ii) stealing by non- employees or former employees, iii) stealing from or cheating clients and consumers, iv) violating contracts for computer sales or service…
The two major problems encountered in the use of computers with properties are: 1. Embezzlement and 2. Theft of software and information
Power relationship caused by Computers: 1. Job Elimination: Computers still continue to lead to elimination of jobs. While employees cannot be paid when there is no work, all attempts are to be made by employers to readjust work assignments and retain employees. The absence of this practice creates an employee or public backlash against introduction…
Computer Ethics deals with ‘the evaluation of and decision making in a variety of moral problems caused by computers’.
Ethics and Human – Centered Environmental Ethics. Sentient – Centered Ethics Sentient animals are those which feel pain and pleasure. This version of Nature-centered ethics is advanced by some utilitarians, notably Peter Singer, who says that right action maximizing good for all should include sentient animals as well as humans. Failure to do so leads…
– Engineers are said to be finding the right answers for the wrong questions – Finding the right questions is much more difficult than finding the right answers to these questions – Engineers should Try to assess the technology and its environmental impacts and focus on containing the major adverse effects. During assessment even if engineers were strongly …
Time cost of a product – includes numerous factors like effect of pollution, the depletion of energy and raw materials, social costs, etc. If these costs are internalized (added to the price), then the cost can be charged directly to the beneficiary of the degradation of environment. It is better to make the user to…
In Southern Japan, in 1968 a large number of people suffered by disfigurement of skin, discolouration, fatigue, numbness, respiratory distress, vomiting and loss of hair. – 10,000 people got affected & some died – Two groups of 121 people each were tested and results were as follows: • It was found that fried food using rice oil produced by Kanemi company was eaten which caused the problem • After 7 months of investigation…. – It was found that the presence of Polychlorinated biphenyl-PCB was the cause for the effects and it was present in the rice oil. – Rice Oil was heated at low pressure to remove the odour thro’ a heat exchanger and a liquid known as KANECHLOR which contained PCB was used for heat transfer – Pipes of the heat exchanger was corroded and led to leakage thro’ those pinholes. – In fact, Kanemi had been replenishing 27 kgs of lost PCB per month for sometime without realizing the seriousness. • Indirect path – this rice was used as chicken-feed and half of one million chickens that were fed died. Other Similar Effects: Plastic bakery wrappers containing PCB mixed with ground stale bread was used as chicken-feed and 140000 chickens had to be slaughtered in New York. PCB leaked into fishmeal from a heating system in North Carolina plant and 12000 tons of…
• The temperature effect of the CO2 and water vapour combined together has a long range impact on the global climate. • Because of increased concentration of CO2 and due to much warmer tropical oceans, there may occur cyclones and hurricanes and early snow melt in mountains will cause more floods during monsoon. • Increase in global temperature can adversely effect the world food production. • At higher altitudes in the atmosphere, CO2 undergoes photochemical reactions producing CO, which is drastically dangerous. • CFCs are responsible for 20% increase in warming. This may increase the chances of diseases in humans and animals.
‘Greenhouse Effect’ is defined as ‘The progressive warming up of earth’s surface due to blanketing effect of manmade CO2 in the atmosphere.’ A greenhouse is that body which allows the short wavelength incoming solar radiation to come in, but does not allow the long wave outgoing infra-red radiation to escape. The earth’s atmosphere bottles up the energy of the sun and it acts like a green house, where CO2 acts like a glass windows.