If an incompressible liquid is continuously flowing through a pipe or a channel (whose cross sectional area may or may not be constant), the quantity of liquid passing per second is the same at all sections. This is known as equation of continuity of a liquid flow. Mathematically, Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = ….. or…
Fluid dynamics is “the branch of applied science that is concerned with the movement of liquids and gases,” according to the American Heritage Dictionary. Fluid dynamics is one of two branches of fluid mechanics, which is the study of fluids and how forces affect them. (The other branch is fluid statics, which deals with fluids…
When a body is immersed wholly or partially in a liquid, it is lifted up by a force equal to the weight of liquid displaced by the body. This statement is known as Archimede’s principle. The tendency of a liquid to uplift an immersed body, because of the upward thrust of the liquid, is known as buoyancy….
The Bernoulli’s equation states that ‘For a perfect incompressible liquid, flowing in a continuous stream, the total energy of a particle remains the same, while the particle moves from one point to another. Mathematically, The Bernoulli’s equation is applied to venturimeter, orifice meter and pitot tube. The Bernoulli’s equation for real fluids is given by where hL = Loss…
The Euler’s equation in the differential form for the motion of liquids is given as follows: This equation is based on the following assumptions: (a) The fluid is non – viscous. (b) The fluid is homogeneous and in-compressible. (c) The flow is continuous, steady and along the streamline. (d) The velocity of flow is uniform over the section. Note: The…
As we have already discussed that for an in-compressible fluid flow, the total quantity of flow at different sections of a pipe is same, i.e. But in a compressible fluid flow, the mass of fluid flowing through any section of the pipe is same, i.e.,
Dimensionless Numbers in Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics – The important dimensionless numbers are Reynold’s number, Froude’s number, Weber’s number, Euler’s number and Mach’s number: (a) Reynold’s number: It is the ratio of the inertia force to the viscous force. (b) Froude’s number: It is the ratio of the inertia force to the gravity force. (c) Weber’s number: It…
Efficiency of a Cycle may be defined as the ratio of work done to the heat supplied during a cycle. Mathematically, efficiency of a cycle, Since the work done during a cycle is equal to heat supplied minus the heat rejected, the efficiency of a cycle, therefore, may also be expressed as Notes: 1. The efficiency,…
Different Types of Energies or Head of a Liquid in Motion. The following are the three types of energies or head of flowing liquids: 1. Potential energy or potential head. It is due to the position above some suitable datum line. It is denoted by z. 2. Kinetic energy or kinetic (or velocity) head. It is due…
What is a condensate pump? In HVAC or refrigeration process, the water that condensate need to be channeled out from the building to proper drainage outside the building. The condensation process usually occurred when the air passes though the cold evaporator coil during the cooling process. As a result, the moisture that accumulate on the coil then…