Suresh Kumar is a passionate mechanical engineer with deep expertise in design, thermodynamics, manufacturing, and automation. With years of experience in the industry, they simplify complex engineering principles into practical insights for students, professionals, and enthusiasts. This blog serves as a hub for exploring cutting-edge innovations, fundamental concepts, and real-world applications in mechanical engineering.
In Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM), abrasive particles are made to impinge on the work material at a high velocity. The high velocity abrasive particles remove the material by micro- cutting action as well as brittle fracture of the work material. In AJM, generally, the abrasive particles of around 50 μm grit size would impinge on the work material at velocity of 200 m/s from a nozzle of I.D. of 0.5 mm with a standoff distance of around 2 mm. The kinetic energy of the abrasive particles would be sufficient to provide materialremoval due to brittle fracture of the work piece or even micro cutting by the abrasives. Schematic Arrangement of AJM
1 ULTRA SONIC MACHINING USM is a mechanical material removal process in which the material is removed by repetitive impact of abrasive particles carried in liquid medium on to the work surface, by a shaped tool, vibrating at ultrasonic frequency. 2 ABRASIVE JET MACHINING It is the material removal process where the material is removed or machined by the impact erosion of the high velocity stream of air or gas and abrasive mixture, which is focused on to the work piece. 3. LASER BEAM MACHINING Laser-beam machining is a thermal material-removal process that utilizes a high- Energy, Coherent light beam to melt and vaporize particles on the surface of metallic and non- Metallic work pieces. Lasers can be used to cut, drill, weld and mark. LBM is particularly suitable for making accurately placed holes. 4. ELECTRON EAM MACHINING It is the thermo-electrical material removal process on which the material is removed by the high velocity electron beam emitted from the tungsten filament made to…
• Extremely hard and brittle materials or Difficult to machine material are difficult to Machine by traditional machining processes. • When the work piece is too flexible or slender to support the cutting or grinding Forces when the shape of the part is too complex.
• Generally macroscopic chip formation by shear deformation • Material removal takes place due to application of cutting forces – energy domain can be Classified as mechanical • Cutting tool is harder than work piece at room temperature as well as under machining Conditions Non-conventional manufacturing processes is defined as a group of processes that remove excess material by various techniques involving mechanical, thermal, electrical or chemical energy or combinations of these energies but do not use a sharp cutting tools as it needs to be used for traditional manufacturing processes. Material removal may occur with chip formation or even no chip formation may take place. For example in AJM, chips are of microscopic size and in case of Electrochemical machining material removal occurs due to electrochemical dissolution at atomic level.
Unconventional manufacturing processes is defined as a group of processes that remove excess material by various techniques involving mechanical, thermal, electrical or chemical energy or combinations of these energies but do not use a sharp cutting tools as it needs to be used for traditional manufacturing processes. Extremely hard and brittle materials are difficult to machine by traditional mach ining processes such as turning, drilling, shaping and milling. Nontraditional machining processes, also called advanced manufacturing processes, are employed where traditional machining processes are not feasible, satisfactory or economical due to special reasons as outlined below. • Very hard fragile materials difficult to clamp for traditional machining • When the work piece is too flexible or slender • When the shape of the part is too complex Several types of non-traditional machining processes have been developed to meet extra required machining conditions. When these processes are employed properly, they offer many advantages over non-traditional machining processes. The common non- traditional machining processes are described in this section. Manufacturing processes can be broadly divided into two groups) a) Primary manufacturing processes: Provide basic shape and size b) Secondary manufacturing processes: Provide final shape and size with tighter control on dimension, surface characteristics Material Removal Processes Once Again Can Be Divided Into Two Groups 1. Conventional Machining Processes 2. Non-Traditional Manufacturing Processes or Unconventional Machining processes Conventional Machining Processes mostly remove material in the form of chips by applying forces on the work material with a wedge shaped cutting tool that is harder than the work material under machining condition.