• Build-up of CO2 from the use of fossil fuels by Industrial nations could result in Greenhouse effect. • Damage to protective OZONE layer due to the release of Freon is related to technological products used by the people of these nations.
• How does an industry affect the environment? • How far it can be controlled? • Whether protective measures are available and implemented? • Whether engineers can ensure safe & clean environment?
1. By causing injuries to nature i. Usually this damage is caused slowly ii. Sometimes this also happens in sudden strikes 2. Misuse of our resources, fouling our environment 3. Practicing growths in consumptions and population leading to non-availability of resources 4. Industrial activity denudes land(to destroy all plant and animal life), pollutes atmosphere and water, reduces the yield from sea and land
Technology Transfer: ‘The process of moving technology to a novel setting and implementing there.’ • Novel setting is any situation containing at least one new variable relevant to success or failure of given technology • Transfer of technology from a familiar to a new environment is a complex process Appropriate Technology: ‘Identification, transfer, and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions’ • Conditions include social factors that go beyond routine economic and technical engineering constraints • Identifying them requires attention to an array of human values and needs that ma y influence how a technology affects the novel situation • Intermediate technology
• The right to freedom of physical movement • The right to ownership of property • The right to freedom from torture • The right to a fair deal • The right to non-discriminatory treatment • The right to physical security • The right to freedom of speech and association • The right to minimal education • The right to political participation • The right to subsistence
Alternate 1: ‘When in Rome, do as the Romans do’ Alternate 2. Follow the identical practices which were followed in the home country. Both are unacceptable. A via media should be found based on the context.
Ethical Relativism • Actions are morally right in a particular society if they are approved by law, custom, or other conventions of the society. Descriptive Relativism • Value beliefs and attitudes differ from culture to culture and this is a fact. Moral Relationalism or Contextualism (Ethical pluralism) • Moral judgements should be made in relation to factors that vary between issues. Hence it is not possible to formulate rules that are simple and applicably to all situations.
Benefits to MNCs: • Inexpensive labor • Availability of natural resources • Favorable tax conditions • Fresh markets for products Benefits to developing host countries: • New jobs • Greater pay and greater challenge • Transfer of advanced technology • Social benefits from sharing wealth