Hydraulic machine are those machines which convert hydraulic energy (energy possessed by water) into mechanical energy (which is further converted into electrical energy) or mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. The hydraulic machines, which convert the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy, are called turbine while the hydraulic machines which convert the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy…
What is a reaction turbine? How to calculate hydraulic and overall efficiency of reaction turbine? What is difference between a Kaplan turbine and Francis turbine? The following important points may be noted for reaction turbines : (a) In a reaction turbine, the water enters the wheel under pressure and flows over the vanes. (b) The hydraulic efficiency of…
The specific speed of a turbine is defined as the speed of an imaginary turbine, identical with the given turbine, which develops unit power under unit head. Mathematically, specific speed, where P = Power, and H = Net head on turbine. The specific speed plays an important role in the selection of a type of…
The models of centrifugal pumps are tested in order to know the performance of the prototypes. Models and prototypes are compared based on geometric similarity, kinematic similarity and dynamic similarity. When the ratio of all the corresponding linear dimensions of the model and the prototype are equal, then they are said to have geometric similarity….
Reciprocating pump is a positive displacement pump where a certain volume of liquid is collected in an enclosed volume and is discharged using pressure to the required application. Reciprocating pumps are more suitable for low volumes of flow at high pressures. Components of Reciprocating Pump The main components of the reciprocating pump are as follows:…
What is Unit Speed, Unit Discharge and Unit Power of a turbine? How do we calculate these using formula? The unit speed is the speed of the turbine operating under one meter head. Mathematically, unit speed, The unit discharge is the discharge through a turbine when the head on the turbine is unity. Mathematically, unit…
The specific speed of a centrifugal pump is defined as the speed of an imaginary pump, identical with the given pump, which will discharge 1 liter of water, while it is being raised through a head of one meter. Mathematically, specific speed, The ranges of specific speeds for different types of pumps are given in the following…
A multistage centrifugal pump is designed with two or more impellers. Depending on the brand and configuration, the impellers might be mounted on the same or different shafts. If high pressures at the outlet are required, impellers can also be connected in series whereas for high flow output, they are typically connected parallel. Using a…
Hydraulic Turbines are also known as water turbines Pelton Turbine: Pelton turbine is a type of impulsive water turbine Francis Turbine: Francis turbine is a type of water turbine. They are used widely. Kaplan Turbine: We can notice the little variation from the Francis turbine Turgo turbine: Pelton wheel modification is turgo turbine. Cross flow turbine: It is also…
Impulse Turbine Reaction turbine 01. Energy available at the inlet is in the form of kinetic energy 01. Energy available at the inlet is in the form of kinetic and pressure energy 02. Pressure acting buckets is constant and atmospheric throughout the action of water on the runner till it is discharged to the tail race. 02….