By using casting process along with some specifications the replica of an object is made, which is known as pattern. Different types of patterns are used in the casting process which depends upon the configuration of casting they are divided into 8 types. They are: Single piece pattern Cope and drag pattern Loose piece pattern…
Types of Flows in a Pipe – The type of flow of a liquid depends upon the manner in which the particles unite and move. Though there are many types of flows, yet the following are important : Uniform flow: A flow, in which the liquid particles at all sections of a pipe or channel…
How do we calculate Loss of Head due to Friction in Pipe? What is the major cause of loss of head or energy in a pipe? According to Darcy’s formula, the loss of head due to friction in the pipe (hf) is given by where f = Darcy’s coefficient, l = Length of pipe, v…
Viscosity, Kinematic viscosity, Compressibility, Surface tension and capillarity are most important properties of liquid. The following properties of liquid are important from the subject point of view 1. Viscosity. It is also known as absolute viscosity or dynamic viscosity. lt is defined as the property of a liquid which offers resistance to the movement of one layer of liquid…
When a liquid is contained in a vessel, it exerts force at all points on the sides and bottom of the vessel. The force per unit area is called intensity of pressure. Mathematically, intensity of pressure, where P = Force acting on the liquid, and A = Area on which the force acts. The intensity of…
The Metacentre may be defined as a point about which a floating body starts oscillating, when given a small angular displacement. It is denoted by M. The metacentric height is the distance between the centre of gravity (G) of the floating body and the metacentre (M). Mathematically, metacentric height, where I = Moment of inertia…
The momentum equation is based on the law of momentum or momentum principle which states that “the net force acting on a mass of fluid is equal to the change in momentum of flow per unit time in that direction”. Mathematically, force acting on the fluid, F = d(mv)/dt where mv = Momentum. The impulse – momentum…
The orifice meter is a device (cheaper than venturimeter) used for measuring the discharge of the liquid flowing through a pipe. It works on the same principle as that of venturimeter. The pitot tube is a small open tube bent at right angle. It is used to measure the velocity of flow at the required point in a pipe….
The lock gates are provided in navigation chambers to change the water level in a canal or river for navigation. There are two sets of gates, one set on either side of the chamber. In a lock gate, the reaction between the two gates (R) is given by where P = Resultant water pressure on…
What is Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) and how cavitation is formed? The net positive suction head (NPSH) is defined as the difference between the net inlet head and the head corresponding to the vapour pressure of the liquid. It may be noted that when the pressure at the suction falls below the vapour pressure…