Posted inRobotics
Posted inMaterial Science
Electrical Properties
Electronic and Ionic Conduction In metals, the current is carried by electrons, and hence the name electronic conduction. In ionic crystals, the charge carriers are ions, thus the name ionic conduction. Energy Band Structures in Solids When atoms come together to form a solid, their valence electrons interact due to Coulomb forces, and they also feel the electric field produced by their own nucleus and that of the other atoms. In addition, two specific quantum mechanical effects happen. First, by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, constraining the electrons to a small volume raises their energy, this is called promotion. The second effect, due to the Pauli Exclusion Principle, limits the number of electrons that can have the same property (which include the energy). As a result of all these effects, the valence electrons of atoms form wide valence bands when they form a solid. The bands are separated by gaps, where electrons cannot exist. The precise location of the bands and band gaps depends on the type…