Formulas

Thermal Expansion Coefficient is the ratio between engineering strain (ε) to the change in temperature of the material. It’s one of the many fundamental analysis in material science to measure the deformation of material due to applied force & change of temperature.

Spring Stress, is a measurement of maximum shear stress of a helical spring from the wire diameter, surface diameter and force or load. Formula to calculate maximum shear stress of a coil with round wire