Posted inPrinciple of Management
Henry Fayol’s Universal Process Theory
One of the oldest and most popular approaches, Henry Fayol’s theory holds that administration of all organizations – whether public or private, large or small – requires the same rational process or functions. This school of thought is based on two assumptions: Although the objective of an organization may differ (for example, business, government, education, or religion), yet there is a core management process that remains the same for all institutions. Successful managers, therefore, are interchangeable among organizations of differing purposes. The universal management process can be reduced to a set of separate functions and related principles. Fayol identifies fourteen universal principles of management, which are aimed at showing managers how to carry out their functional duties. 1. Specialization of labor This improves the efficiency of labor through specialization, reducing labor time and increasing skill development. 2. Authority This is the right to give orders which always carry responsibility commensurate with its privileges. 3. DisciplineIt relies on respect for the rules, policies, and agreements that govern an organization.…