Different types of loads  in engineering mechanics are compression, tension, torsion and bending.

Compression:

Compression loading is an effect in which the component reduces it size. During compression load there is reduction in volume and increase in density of a component.

Tension:

Tension is the act of stretching rod, bar, spring, wire, cable etc. that is being pulled from the either ends.

Torsion:

Torsion is the act of twisting of an rod, wire, spring etc. about an axis due to applied couple (torque).

Bending:

Bending is act of changing component from straight form into a curved or angular form.